Here are some things that Merrin has learned about this world, in no particular importance but roughly organized into categories which she made up right now on the spot.
Facts that have massive implications for how physical laws work in this world:
Humans have "souls" which contain a record of unknown completeness of their mindstate. This is obvious to commonsense perception and presumably verifiable by experiment.
Humans also contain energy called qi.
There is some kind of developmental window of plasticity during which people can 'cultivate' their qi and create a 'golden core' and then have superpowers.
The state of someone's qi is visible to someone trained in the right skill, and indicates their medical condition and health.
Cultivators can also donate their own qi to another person, which seems to directly improve their condition?
There are local doctors, who seem to be probably some specialized variant of cultivators.
Dead people's souls can hang around being disembodied 'ghosts' if they have enough resentment.
Dead people's souls can also be trapped in pouches???
On the other hand, if you could perfectly recreate the entire brain of someone who had been cryopreserved, this wouldn't work if you didn't also have possession of their soul.
On the other other hand, dead bodies which possess neither souls nor, one assumes, a heartbeat or blood oxygenation or any functioning neural or muscle tissue, can still get up and walk around and do things such as "pin Merrin to the floor of a tent."
People can learn to cultivate "resentful energy" instead of qi, and by doing this can...control the mobile corpses? And also maybe experience the memories of ghosts that they have trapped in pouches???
Golden cores can apparently be....removed? And transplanted? This does not kill the donor, unlike most cases of organ donation when people only have one of them, but it results in the donor not being able to do normal qi cultivation.
Relatedly, it's possible to destroy another person's golden core, although unclear how.
Facts that are mostly about geopolitics between groups of people? (Merrin is unclear whether these are also downstream of different physical laws, they might be, but it also seems possible to posit that they aren't and are instead the result of a different historical context and tech level and the fact that nobody here seems to know the basic math on how trade and coordination work):
The basic unit of society, above the level of individuals, is 'clans'. (Which...may or may not be the same thing as 'sects', Merrin is realizing that she's unclear on that.)
Clans she knows about: the Wens, the Jiangs, the Jins, and the Lans.
People will visually distinguish what clan they belong to by what robes they wear. Currently Merrin is wearing Lan robes.
The Lans all have to agree to follow a list three thousand unique rules.
The Lans used to live in a place called the Cloud Recesses, which was then destroyed by fire.
It is maybe against the Lan rules to sneak out of the Cloud Recesses and obtain grape-flavored-alcohol to drink? (Honestly, Merrin is sympathetic to this rule.)
The Lan Sect Leader is absurdly young, and in fact took the position when he was still school-age by dath ilani standards. This is somewhat unusual.
The Jins have a supply train (whatever that combination of words actually means in context? This does not seem like a world that has the tech for actual trains.) Their supplies include sugar.
The Jins initially kidnapped Wen Ning and were holding him prisoner and this somehow entailed assigning him to a job in their "supply" "train"?
Wei Wuxian was affiliated with the Jiang clan/sect at one point, but they're now all dead because of the Wen clan?
The Wen clan: are apparently just trying to kill everyone else? For reasons that nobody has yet been able to explain?
Facts that are mainly about Wei Wuxian as a person and may or may not tie into anything else:
He had his golden core removed and donated to the leader of his sect? This is apparently very very secret.
This was done by one of the Wens, e.g. the clan that is trying to kill everyone else. Merrin actually just does not have an explanation there, other than 'maybe it was a long time ago and the political situation was different then', but this is unsatisfying.
He invented the type of cultivation that involves "resentful energy" and controlling dead people.
This involved spending three months on a mountain surviving off eating people????
He can control corpses and this is important to the current war effort against the Wen clan who are mysteriously trying to murder everyone else.
He is intensely upset about what happened to his clan/sect/family and presumably also about many other aspects of the situation, and as a result wants to personally murder the entire Wen clan. (For game-theoretic-timeless-incentives reasons? Merrin can kind of see that it makes sense to - be the sort of agent that makes this situation symmetric. Although Wei Wuxian does not seem to be aware of any of the math and also apparently neither is anyone else on this entire continent, because that is pretty much the only explanation Merrin can think of for the current situation.)
Despite wanting to murder the entire Wen clan, he is nonetheless trying very hard to protect (and possibly dating???) one of the Wens who is now a prisoner here.
He managed to nearly die just by not getting around to eating or drinking (anything other than grape-flavored sterilizing solutions) or sleeping.
He seems to consistently wake up disoriented and scared enough to send corpses after whoever is waking him, though actually maybe that's only for Merrin, who's a foreigner he barely knows.
He is ravenously curious to learn about science, and - probably natively a lot more intelligent than Merrin herself; he picks it up fast and he's surely not at his best right now.
He likes food that hurts, to an even greater extent than most people in this culture like food that hurts.
He thinks he will be an exceptional ghost.