Their foundation was almost entirely based on wards, but you can still derive a lot from that. Wards require mechanisms such as the redirection of various kinds of energy at specific levels, filtering poisonous things from the air you breathe, or keeping your lifeforce levels stable.
They compiled the sorcery rituals they knew and experimented with them, pivoting from known and remembered elements and analyzing the results and comparing, etc, until they had a long list of basic magical principles and their proprieties. From there they created and refined and then refined again.
Currently they have sorcery rituals for (among other things): flight; medium-scale telekinesis that follows a programmed set of instructions; small-scale but very precise "freeform" telekinesis; large-scale stone-shaping; enchantments that change the default temperature of a room to freezing or boiling, while still allowing people to get inside unmolested; large-scale water-filtration; large-scale irrigation; making crops grow better, faster and protected from pests; the list goes on.