"Other places treat women like men, and we don't." Sigh. "We call the planet Golarion and the plane the Material Plane; we know of a dozen other planes reachable from here, including some that were also known to you such as the elemental planes of Earth, Fire, Air and Water, some that might be the same as planes known to you such as the one that renders under this translation spell as the Abyssal Plane, and some not known to you such as the aligned planes which are our afterlives.
The Material Plane might or might not be infinite; it has stars, and worlds orbit the stars, and Golarion is one of the worlds orbiting one of the stars. We know of half a dozen others. They all have different magic, or some of them have none. Golarion has arcane magic, the manipulation of the magical energies of the world, and divine magic, the negotiated use of the magic of the gods. Some people like Vanyel possess an innate aptitude for arcane magic, but anyone can learn it through a slow, painstaking and complex process that it's entirely plausible to me your world wouldn't have invented even if it works there.
Our gods seem more active than yours and more of them are oriented towards comprehensible human concerns. Abadar is Osirion's god, and he is a god of commerce and of civilization; Fazil is one of his priests. Priests of our gods are granted by them the ability to perform divine miracles regularly.
The woman who summoned you here is a cleric of a different god, Nethys, god of magic. She's also a powerful arcane magic user. Nethys is one of the less comprehensible gods. Sometimes people are touched with his visions and go mad from them. Clepati wasn't mad, I think, but she was somewhat difficult to understand and she said a lot of things we can't quite piece together."