"I'm starting to think it might be more useful if you could explain some of those preconceptions to me, but I'll do my best. I wouldn't worry too much if it doesn't make sense – scratch that, I'd worry very much because it's all of tremendous metaphysical importance and impacts the continuity of our immortal souls and so on and so forth, but it's not like anyone in Golarion is doing much better. I think we're all just doing our best to come up with rough analogies that don't contradict our observations too blatantly.
Anyway. Afterlives! Lawful Good is Heaven, that's where they lead the assault on the evil afterlives. It's the one I know the least about, since the information that exists in Cheliax is obvious blatant lies. Probably it involves fighting demons. Maybe farming? The god of agriculture is Lawful Good for some reason. It's probably a fine place to spend eternity if you're exceptionally selfless and don't have a sense of humor.
Axis, Lawful Neutral, I already mentioned it – they say it's a perfectly orderly golden city with countless millions of districts for every species and civilization on the material plane. The followers of Lawful Neutral gods claim that it's the afterlife that's the most like living. It sound really lovely, except for the thing where it's full of Lawful people.
....Lawful Evil's Hell. Petitioners there are tortured forever. The Church claims some of them eventually get to rise through the ranks until they're allowed to torture other people, but they're probably lying about how common it is and how long it takes and how much of yourself you get to keep at the end of it.
The Neutral Good afterlife is called Nirvana. It is a place of rest and healing and recovery from the trials of mortal life. And also of being turned into animals. I don't know why, none of the other afterlife planes do that.
True Neutral is the Boneyard. That's where the goddess Pharasma sits and decides where mortal soul should go. They say she hates it when people end up there, so it's mostly just children who died too young to be judged.
The Neutral Evil afterlife is Abaddon. The outsiders that live there eat souls – if your soul gets eaten, you're just destroyed, goodbye forever. Pharasma doesn't approve of that either, so petitioners assigned to Abaddon can choose to go to Hell or the Abyss instead. – the Abyss is Chaotic Evil and it's not very interesting, just demons fighting each other in an endless war of all against all.
I already told you about the Maelstrom. That leaves Elysium, the Chaotic Good afterlife. It's supposed to be a beautiful unspoiled wilderness with no signs of civilization, but I think that's stupid, since I have to imagine lots of Chaotic people want to live in cities and who's going to stop them? At least the floating jeweled islands and singing waterfalls sound neat."