The set of British (and French and Dutch) immigrants to the North American colonies had a lower fraction of wizards than those countries' general populations, but a higher fraction of muggleborns within the wizards. On the other hand, Native American wizards had a lot of advantages over their muggle counterparts when it came to not dying of smallpox and war. The upshot is that the US has a pretty ethnically blended magical population and a density of wizards that varies by region (more in the west, fewer in the east) but averages out pretty similar to the British one. Native American magical techniques are practiced alongside and sometimes synergized with European ones.
Magical America had less of a Revolutionary War than muggle America; the magical government mostly accepted muggle American independence as a fait accompli and disentangled itself slowly. As a result magical America ended up with a Parliamentary system, but with both houses being elected rather than one of them being the Lords.
While African wizards could easily avoid getting enslaved, Black American muggleborns were sometimes born into slavery. Many escaped; the rest usually died young, killed by their own uncontrolled magic, by terrified and confused owners, or by nearby white wizards (allegedly for secrecy reasons but also for fear of slave revolts). The eventual result was a Black American magical community with closer than typical ties to the corresponding muggle community. The American magical Parliament is constantly under pressure from the International Confederation of Wizards to Do Something about magical New Orleans and its paper-thin masquerade.
(Similarly, it took a lot of effort to convince everyone of the non-existence of Paul Bunyan, a half-giant Welsh immigrant who came to America for the wide open spaces where he could breed enormous blue oxen in peace, fifteen miles from the nearest person who'd look at him funny.)
The magical side of the Civil War was . . . complicated. There was a faction that wanted a united country, a faction that wanted secession, a faction that wanted to stay out of it and let the muggles do all the dying required to decide the question, and a faction that didn't care what happened as long as southern wizards were allowed to keep killing Black muggleborns and enslaving mind-controlled muggles. (This last group was eventually forced to stop it or at least stop doing it publicly, as much for secrecy reasons as anything else.)
Westward expansion among wizards was as mentioned slower and less violent and plague-ridden than the muggle version, though there was a major push into the Rocky Mountains driven by fear that Gold Rush migrants would encounter the local dragons if the two populations weren't carefully steered away from each other.
American magical involvement in World War I was almost nonexistent; in World War II it roughly paralleled the muggle situation, but with more of an emphasis on the European front due to Grindelwald.