*Mute is interested in FTL communication of any kind, and looks for it in the books and her questions. Messages with Earth have a 20 year latency and are redshifted to hell and back, and it's getting worse.
The hasty political research shows... It's mostly a democracy. Whether something sketchy is going on... It could go either way. A Critique of Democracy is a well-reasoned, thoroughly cited argument about the fact that rule of the crowd has, historically, made lots of terrible decisions mostly around lack of long term planning. The reviews and other work surrounding it generally agree that some limits on how freely democracy ought to reign, such as increasing the margin of majority required for major changes or allowing the Captain to select his successor, might be prudent. Having the same inaliable rights and freedoms as our home does us no good if we drift through space, cold and dead, forever. The Mugunghwa's civilian government was supposed to be as separate as possible from the actual running of the ship, but to keep the vessel safely on course so the government is actually rather authoritarian on matters like taxes, vandalism of critical ship systems, and work schedules.
The Council of Governance seats thirteen - Captain, Security Chief, Head of Engineering, Head of Science, Governor, President, Head of Cultivation, Navigation Officer, Head of Administration, and four District Representatives. Eight of these thirteen positions are directly democratically elected. Of the ones that aren't:
- Security Chief is *Mute's job forevermore, until the ship arrives at the destination or she is destroyed, as agreed in the original ship's charter.
- Captaincy is for life with the new captain selected by the council if he dies or resigns.
- The Head of Science is selected by the University, the Head of Administration is selected by the President, and the Navigation Officer is selected by the Captain, all three with a veto and impeachment option from the rest of the council.
The four centuries since they left Earth do show a clear cultural trend toward family values, humility, trust in the state, and hard work. It's not immediately clear whether the politics shifted to reflect the new culture or the culture shifted at the behest of politics, though there's a good argument to be made for it being the natural result of a closed system where everyone has to cooperate relatively closely. They are having trouble with the expense of keeping some of their most advanced technology running. Forty-some years ago the Head of Science declared it an unwise use of available resources to build any more medical cryostasis capsules, especially given the tendency of more recent versions to fail unexpectedly. There's not enough people to allow for deep specialization in the hundreds of different fields science requires, perhaps.