Education:
Shoggoths mostly do one-on-one education! The family is responsible for your education until you have your family history memorized. You also learn life basics then. Once you know those - generally between two and three - you find stuff you want to learn from other people. This kind of works like apprenticeships! Mostly you follow people around and ask questions. Shoggoths are really fond of an approach to learning based in conversations.
Humans do a lot of types of education! Western humans, who are mostly descended from this one continent that's the north-western part of what people on that continent used to think was the only big landmass, do a model really based strongly in 'the teacher lectures, the students listen, the students learn how to sit quietly and be seen not heard'. When you get to university level it does work a bit differently, though. Western humans have gendered biases in schooling, though there's a big push to get rid of those right now, because Western culture has been really strongly into equality for the last twenty-five or so Amentan years, and they've been expanding their definitions of who gets to be equal. Western education focuses really strongly on science, math, and literature as important. You're supposed to be schooled into a well-rounded citizen, ideally.
There's a few other less detailed examples from other human cultures, mostly relayed from Bright's mom, but a lot of humans around the world have adopted the Western model, largely for reasons of 'a few Western nations conquered a ton of the world between them starting about a century ago.'
Basic Earth Facts is mostly geography, climate, major sapient species on the planet and nearby, facts about the year length and all that. Broad strokes history, too. The Elder Things terraformed Earth from an empty rock, and used it as a biological experiment and then a base in some of their wars.
Recent human history goes back about an Amentan century and covers lots of wars and invasions and rebellions and societal changes. Slavery: outlawed pretty recently, there's still discrimination against ex-slaves and their descendants. Wars: mostly fairly small scale. Wars that take up more than a few nations haven't really happened yet, though some people think they might get more likely as population goes up and international relationships shift.
Shoggoth art: has a strong focus on shapeshifting-based art since Bright can do that, but also talks about theater and singing and sculpture and selective breeding as an art.
Alien theology: Lots of Earth theologies are really speculative! This is partially because of their world's history, and some definitely weird stuff happening in it but a lot of history being lost. Human religions all have different origin myths - they knew their world was created, but they had different guesses and stories about who did that! Human and shoggoth religions also often have speculation about what happens to a person's soul when they die. Shoggoth religion is pretty bleak on that and thinks the souls of the dead are trapped somewhere bad. Human religions are a mix in terms of afterlives. (Most Earth religions believe in souls as a thing; there's evidence some technologies can interact with these, but Bright's not familiar with those, and doesn't know if the Elder Things put souls in stuff on purpose. Here's an explanation of the different theories on what a soul even is!) Earth religions also have rules about how you should treat other people! Here's some examples of major human tenets, from all the ones Bright's familiar with, and the big Shoggoth ones. (This is where she emphasizes the kindness rules.)
